In 2016/17, AGRA undertook an assessment of marketing and distribution systems of farm inputs (mainly fertilizer) in 11 selected countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda) resulting in country-specific recommendations for improving the design and delivery of fertilizer subsidy programmes (FSPs). The uptake of AGRA’s recommendations has been incomplete, leaving several critical gaps and challenges in FSP design and delivery toward improved soil health and sustainable agricultural productivity and income growth. These gaps and challenges include: